Singapore Haze Prediction ModelOdds for Singapore's haze over the next 15 days
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Track record and learnings

Play to watch the next 15 days unfold

Odds

Not an official forecast. This is an experimental, independent model. For health advice, follow NEA.

Not yet validated. These yes/no odds have not been tested against past seasons with the current model, so treat them as rough.

Day by day

More on these odds

Each % is the share of the 100,000 simulated futures where it happens. "Above 300" and "above 200" are checked at every simulated time step (every 6 hours to day 6, every 12 hours after), using the 24-hour average PSI. Beyond day 6 the ranges are wider. In the replays of 2015, 2019 and 2023, "above 300 within 6 days" was too high: on all 5 occasions it gave 30% or more, PSI did not go above 300. When "above 200" was given 60% or more, it happened about 4 times in 10.

Singapore haze forecast in words

Issued Sat 17 Oct, 2:04pm SGT. Independent, experimental model; not an official NEA forecast.

Day by day, as a table
DayBest guess PSILikely rangeAbove 100Above 200Above 300
Sun 18 Oct219155–25894%58%8%
Mon 19 Oct252147–30385%64%26%
Tue 20 Oct293128–35479%67%47%
Wed 21 Oct259119–34282%60%38%
Thu 22 Oct213118–29982%52%25%
Fri 23 Oct188103–28476%48%21%
Sat 24 Oct189113–28382%46%20%
Sun 25 Oct177111–27878%44%19%
Mon 26 Oct165108–25878%36%15%
Tue 27 Oct149101–21575%29%9%
Wed 28 Oct132101–17977%18%4%
Thu 29 Oct122104–16978%19%4%
Fri 30 Oct123105–18076%21%5%
Sat 31 Oct12694–18068%18%4%
Sun 1 Nov11491–17465%15%2%

Questions people ask

When will the haze in Singapore end?

The model gives a 38% chance the 24-hour PSI is back to 100 or below by Fri 23 Oct. The haze season most likely ends around 11 Nov, when steady rain sets in over the fire areas (experimental estimate).

Will the haze get worse this week?

Gets worse: 79% chance. Peaks 265–420 around Tue 20 Oct. Clears early: 18% chance. PSI 100 or below by Mon 19 Oct. Clears later in the week: 2% chance. PSI 100 or below by Thu 22 Oct.

Is this NEA's official haze forecast?

No. This is an independent, experimental model. For official readings and health advice, follow NEA at haze.gov.sg.

How does the Singapore Haze Prediction Model work?

It traces the air arriving in Singapore back through up to 56 weather forecasts (NOAA GEFS and ECMWF's AI model), adds smoke from fires seen by NASA satellites, and simulates 100,000 possible next 15 days, weighted to match NEA's latest readings. The odds rerun every hour; the full model runs every 6 hours.

How accurate is it?

In replays of the 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2023 haze seasons, about 85% of NEA readings fell inside the forecast's 90% range. For 1 to 6 days ahead the best guess was about as good as assuming PSI stays as it is today; for 7 to 15 days ahead it was clearly better. Every live forecast is scored daily on the Track record page.

How it works

The Singapore Haze Prediction Model is a computer model of the region's fires, smoke and winds. It simulates 100,000 versions of the next 15 days and counts how often each outcome happens.

  1. Every six hours it takes in Singapore's PSI from NEA, fire hotspots seen by NASA satellites, and 31 weather forecasts (NOAA GEFS, plus 25 forecasts from ECMWF's AI weather model, AIFS, when its download succeeds). Every hour in between, it reruns the odds with NEA's latest reading.
  2. For each weather forecast it traces the air arriving in Singapore back up to four days. Where that air passed over fires, it picks up smoke.
  3. It then varies what nobody knows for sure: how much smoke the fires give off, how long they keep burning, how much rain dims them, and new fires.
  4. Futures that fit what NEA measured over the last day count for more, so the forecast starts from the real air.
  5. Further ahead, it leans more on how similar days in past haze seasons (since 2014) played out.
  6. News from the last three days is shown for context. It does not change the numbers.
  7. The odds on the page are the share of futures with each outcome. Rerun repeats this on your device with NEA's latest reading.
  8. Every forecast is kept. Two days later it is scored against what NEA measured, misses included.

How far ahead

Measured

Simulated

  • Winds and rain from 31 weather forecasts: NOAA GEFS, plus 25 from ECMWF's AI model (AIFS) when available
  • Air paths traced back from Singapore
  • Smoke, outcomes and odds
  • CAMS smoke model, for comparison

Limits: smoke amounts are scaled to match NEA's readings, not measured at the fires. Odds for extreme haze (PSI above 300) have not been validated, and in replays of past seasons they ran too high. This is an independent project, not an official forecast. For health advice, follow NEA.